仿生建筑最高成就展(福斯特, 李伯斯金等)
仿生建筑是21世纪建筑学领域的一项新运动，仿生建筑学理论结合了生物学、美学和自然界中的科学规律。仿生建筑学把人类的建筑结构、建筑功能、和自然生态环境进行了结合和搭配。据专家介绍，目前的建筑仿生学的具体表现在四个方面：城市环境仿生，建筑功能仿生，建筑形式仿生，建筑内部结构仿生。下面的是一些已经修建好和正在修建的仿生建筑，还有一些是世界著名的建筑方案，它们代表了当今仿生建筑学的最高成就。
1.“城市仙人掌”UrbanCactus,Rotterdam
荷兰鹿特丹的“城市仙人掌”是一个坐落在荷兰的住宅工程，它将在19层楼中提供98个居住单元。多亏了这种错落有致的曲线阳台的设计，每个单元的室外空间能够得到足够的阳光。这意味着，当所有居民的花园中的花正在开花期时，这个绿色摩天大楼将真的是绿色的。这个建筑的碳减排能力很高，这多亏了在门廊处进行的光合作用。再加上，它的白色外表也帮助减轻了市内的热度。
With around a 100 apartments arranged over 19 floors in a somewhat bizarre shape, the new building set to change the skyline of Rotterdam’s port area resembles a giant flowering cactus. It is such an unmistakable resemblance that, to forestall any badmouthing and to leave no room for further interpretation, the designers, UCX Architects, have christened the tower block “urban cactus.”
However, Ben Huygen and Jasper Jägers did not get carried away with useless exercises in form. Their design is based on the need to give every living unit a large terrace/garden on two levels. This gave rise to the building’s circular form with the floor plans rotated with respect to one other. The project is the result of an analysis commissioned by Vestia Rotterdam Feyenoord/Estrade Projecten/Floor Oskam. Its aim is to meet the growing demand for quality housing with garden space in the city centre. E.S. 巴黎“反烟雾”大厦(Anti-Smog Building, Paris)
这所建筑是一个新科技中心，建筑所用的原料都是可回收可降解材料。这所建筑的功能非常完善，有公共场所、会议室、画廊、餐厅和花园。采用太阳能发电和光合作用净化空气，预计将修建在巴黎运河上，将成为教育巴黎市民保护环境普及可持续发展战略的重要基地。
PROGRAM : Innovation Centre in Sustainable Development
LOCATION : Canal de l'Ourcq, Paris 19鑝e
SURFACE AREA : 2065 M?/b>
PERSPECTIVES : Philippe Steels
Anti-Smog is a parasite project set up on the post-industrial urban structure of the Petite Ceinture and the canal de l扥urcq in the 19th Parisian district. It is a public equipment dedicated to promote the last innovations on the theme of sustainable development in urban area in terms of housing or transport. Its role is to apply all the avant-garde renewable energies so as to fight against the Parisian smog. This smog (smoke + fog) is a bluish to reddish haze. It is the result of the water condensing (the fog) on the suspended dust and the presence of ozone in the troposphere. The smoke is produced in major part by the burning of fossil fuel and is composed of sulphurous gas (such as sulphur dioxide) in addition to the dust on which the water steam contained in the fog condensates itself. This photochemical cloud is associated to many detrimental effects for the health (asthma, infarct, AVC) and for the environment (acid rains, attrition of the building). This project aims therefore at inventing a new architecture able to disasphyxiate the area in which it is set up!
URBAN VECTOR XYZ
Anti-Smog is thus an ecological prototype of auto-sufficient, depolluting architecture, reactive to its environment and is set up on an Euclidean urban vector with three axes:
In X, the canal de l扥urcq :
With the canal Saint-Denis, the bassin de la Villette and the canal Saint-Martin, the canal de l扥urcq constitutes the network of the Parisian canals, long of 130 km and that belongs to the city of Paris. It is a linear and emblematic site suspended on the water between the Rotonde de Nicolas Ledoux located place Stalingrad and the Parc de la Villette punctuated by the red folies of the American architect Bernard Tschumi. This canal de l扥urcq begins at the second Bassin de la Villette by a standing bridge, of 85 tons built in 1885. It measures 30 meters of width and 730 meters of length. In the 28th Century, its first function was to constitute a reserve of drinking water for the city of Paris but also a reserve of navigable water for the canal Saint Martin. Until the 70抯, the district has been strongly marked by the industries and the activities linked to the use of the waterway. Today, our post-industrial period of leisure stigmatises the banks with thematic activities related to the culture of water such as Paris Plage.
In Y, the rail bridge of the Petite Ceinture :
The line of the Petite Ceinture is an old double way train line that went round Paris inside the boulevards des Mar閏haux. Operational in 1862, it is now mostly unused and amputated of a part of its length. It consists currently in 23 kilometres of railways between the porte de Clichy in the North and the boulevard Victor in the South, going through the East of Paris. The pedestrian access is now strictly forbidden but the railway punctuated by bridges presents a huge potential not only in term of public transport but also in term of reconversion in planted promenade or V閘ib and solar car ways on rail for example.
In Z, the factory of urban heating:
This monolithic and obsolete factory of the Compagnie Parisienne de Chauffage Urbain (CPCU) planted with its white smokestack pierces the horizon of the Buttes Chaumont. It is dedicated to disappear. According to the urbanism plan, it will be replaced by a building of housing and a public garden of 1500 m?enabling to relay out the bearing vaulting of the petite ceinture in art and craft shops. CPCU is integrated in the underground of the capital city. This company has helped all along the 20th Century to limit a part of the imports of fossil energy by producing urban heating (steam) and electricity from the cogeneration and burning of waste.
In XYZ :
At the crossing of the fluvial and train ways, the project Anti-Smog sets up in the heart of this vector with 3 directions. It is composed of two distinct museum entities with positive energetic results, which means producing more energy that they consume. On the one hand, the Solar Drop is a superstructure in polyester and in photovoltaic cells that treadles the ?Cage ? the double bridge with metallic braces crossing the canal de l碠urcq. On the other hand, the Wind Tower is a helical structure incrusted of wind machines fixed vertically in the future municipal garden on the edge of the water.
SOLAR DROP
On the railway, coming from the park of the Buttes Chaumont, after the crossing of the 玃aris-Bestiaux?(the old transit train station of the bovine towards the butchery of la Villette), comes the crossing of the canals. Capturing under its curve the rail bridge of the canal de l扥urcq, a great white drop with a 250 m?photovoltaic blue roof catches the sun rays to transform them in electrical energies. As a ship抯 body, it is built in polyester fibre reinforced with steel bends outlining its main profiles. The whole building is recovered by a layer of titanium dioxide (TiO2) as anatase, which by reacting to ultraviolet rays, enables to reduce the air pollution. In the framework of the lay out policies and the development of a governance responsible of our territories, the Solar Drop, in addition to be an auto-cleaning building, will enable to absorb and recycle by photo-catalytic effect the cloud of unhealthful effects (Smog) especially coming from the intense traffic of the very close Parisian belt. The superior hemisphere presents a structure deploying itself in net where the alveoli or ears are filled up with glasses and chips of carbon pixels enabling the Anti-Smog to be completely auto-sufficient in energy. Moreover, two planted arches cover the ellipsis on all its length and get the rainwater to provide for the logistical needs of the exhibition centre and its cafeteria. Below this thermo regulating solar roof, there is a huge exhibition and meeting function room organised around a central garden, a phyto-purified aquatic lagoon. It is a didactic place dedicated to the new ecological urbanities and renewable energies. It is full of lighting and seems in levitation on top of the Ourcq thanks to the glass floors that let the dancing reflections of the water glimmer on it. Actually, the cantilever structure that lean on the beams of the bridge stretches its two bows in the axis of the canal. The access to Solar Drop is organised on two different levels. First, a double entrance exists through the existing pedestrian footbridge along the 揅age?and linking both banks of the canal. Then, the second entrance by the vertical core or the banister of the Winds Tower gives access to the footbridge at 10 meters high making the hyphen to the Solar Drop.
WIND TOWER
Located at the bottom of the vaulting of the Petite Ceinture, on the site of the factory of urban heating, the Wind Tower spreads its helical gallery on more than 45 meters of height. The scenographical ribbon unfolds along the banister in console around curved walls of the central bearing core. This core is carpeted of tactile and digital screens beaming the news continuously and containing the stairwell and the elevator. Also of elliptic plan, the main axis of the tower moves according to the one of the canal to take place in the direction of the dominating winds (South-West). Actually, its crystalline glass layer unfolds by an auto bearing layer in fishnet stockings and dissociated of the curtain wall. This second structure in polyester fibre is covered by planted cushions pierced of sinuous slits along almost fifty axial wind machines of Darrieus. The whole set looks like a harmonious vertical park with a vegetable dress in perpetual movement. On the top, the museum way ends with a suspended garden in the sky. With aromatic savours, this perfumed haven of piece offers an exceptional panoramic view on the Parisian East. This Winds Tower can also change into a silo containing a spiral of v閘ib or solar cars on a minimum of ground surface area on the pattern of the Smart towers. It would be thus directly connected to the double railway for new promenades without the railroad bowels of the city of Paris.
Anti-Smog is thus a didactic prototype of ecological experimentations. Solar Drop and Wind Tower implement the most advanced technologies in the auto-sufficient construction to better reveal the applications of the contemporary society. Its energetic results are positive and enable to assure not only the functioning of the centre but also the nocturnal lighting of the banks of the second Bassin de la Villette. Moreover, this project aims at reducing the atmospheric pollution of the area by capturing the CO2 and thus improves the quality of the air. It is a play project, an urban and truly live graft. In osmosis with its surroundings, it is an architecture that interacts completely with its context that is climatic, chemical, kinetic or social to better reduce our ecological print in urban area!
Architect Vincent Callebaut’s latest project balances public galleries, meeting rooms and gathering spaces over canals and abandoned railroad tracks in the 19th Parisian district. The prototype uses green technologies and techniques but is more than just an example of sustainable design. Callebaut’s ‘Anti Smog: An Innovation Centre in Sustainable Development’ is a catalyst for cleaner air.
The project centers on the “Solar Drop”, an elliptical structure perched over the unused railroad tracks. The exterior is fitted with 250 square meters of solar photovoltaic panels and coated in titanium dioxide (TiO2). The PV system produces on-site electrical energy while the TiO2 coating works with ultraviolet radiation to interact with particulates in the air, break down organics and reduce air born pollutants and contaminants.
Callebaut describes the process as an intention to “absorb and recycle by photo-catalytic effect the cloud of harmful gases (Smog) from the intense traffic near Paris.” Under the smog eating exterior, the building houses public spaces with a central courtyard and natural lagoon, a place Callebaut envisions for teaching opportunities about urban ecology and renewable energy. The Solar Drop also harvests rainwater from green space on the roof for use inside the building.
The “Wind Tower”, the second component to Anti Smog, spirals into the air with a helical shape and a façade that alternates between vegetation and embedded Vertical Axis Wind Turbines (VAWT) to capture the prevailing urban winds. Ramps lead visitors through museum space and out to a rooftop garden with views across Paris.
Anti Smog offers an innovative urban space that is engaging, powered by renewable energy and has a positive impact on the surrounding urban environment. In the words of the designer it is ‘”a self-sufficient dépolluante“. Oui indeed. 美国辛辛那提的“罗布林大桥坡度大厦"
这座大厦位于辛辛那提市最著名的罗布林大桥 (Roebling Bridge)旁，被称为罗布林大桥坡度”的大厦是由纽约世界贸易中心重建总体规划建筑师丹尼尔·李博斯金设计的。这座大楼最具特色的就是它顶层的倾斜坡度使用了仿生技术与周边的自然环境相适应，与著名的城市标志罗布林大桥相配合。大厦的建筑色调充分反映出了城市和天空的搭配，同时，这所大厦还具有缓解交通压力的功能。
[[i] 本帖最后由 zfconnor 于 2008-10-5 18:47 编辑 [/i]] 3，哥斯达黎加“世界方舟”
由格雷特·莱恩设计的这个“世界方舟”是基于一种“流体建筑”概念为原理，使用可变形的金属材料和使用先进的“blob-like”流媒体图像技术。这个建筑的基础是一个球形，建筑师充分使建筑物与周围自然环境进行合理搭配。据报道，“世界方舟”计划修建在哥斯达黎加的热带雨林中，将成为一个重要的生态中心和生态教育基地。 5，伦敦市政厅
Greatbuildings设计的伦敦市政厅（London City Hall）
伦敦市政厅的设计来自诺曼·福斯特公司，设计师认为我们生活的世界是可以改变的，这座建筑物全部使用了无污染的可回收的材料。
City Hall is the headquarters of the Greater London Authority which comprises the Mayor of London and London Assembly. It located in Southwark, stands on the south bank of the River Thames near Tower Bridge. Designed by Norman Foster, it opened in July 2002.
The building has an unusual bulbous shape, intended to reduce its surface area and thus improve energy efficiency. It has been compared variously to Darth Vader's helmet, a misshapen egg, a human scrotum, a woodlouse or a motorcycle helmet. Former mayor Ken Livingstone referred to it as a "glass testicle".[1][2] The new mayor, Boris Johnson, has referred to it more politely as 'The Onion'. Its designers reportedly saw the building as a giant sphere hanging over the Thames, but opted for a more conventionally rooted building instead. It has no front or back on conventional terms but derives its shape from a modified sphere.
City Hall was constructed on a site formerly occupied by wharves serving the Pool of London. The building does not belong to the GLA but is leased under a 25-year rent. It forms part of a larger development called More London, including offices and shops. Next to City Hall is a sunken amphitheatre called The Scoop, which is used in the summer months for open-air performances; it is not, however, part of the GLA's jurisdiction.
A 500-metre (1,640 ft) helical walkway, reminiscent of that in New York's Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, ascends the full height of the building. At the top of the ten-story building is an exhibition and meeting space called "London's Living Room", with an open viewing deck which is occasionally open to the public. The walkway provides views of the interior of the building, and is intended to symbolise transparency; a similar device was used by Foster in his design for the rebuilt Reichstag (parliament) in Germany. In 2006 it was announced that solar photovoltaic cells would be fitted to the building by the London Climate Change Agency.[3]
Despite the name, City Hall is neither located in nor does it serve a city (as recognised by English constitutional law), often adding to the confusion of Greater London with the City of London, whose headquarters is in the Guildhall, north of the Thames. The predecessors of the Greater London Authority, namely the Greater London Council and the London County Council, had their headquarters at County Hall, upstream on the South Bank. Although County Hall's old council chamber is still intact, the building is unavailable for use by the GLA due to the building's conversion into, among other things, a luxury hotel, amusement arcade and aquarium.
Office headquarters
Start Date: 15 March 1999 | Completion Date: 30 December 2001
City Hall's iconic sphere-like form is part of an energy strategy to minimise perimeter surface area, reducing heat loss and heat gain.
Arup worked on the glazed facade, structural, services, fire strategy, security, communications and acoustic engineering to help create the Greater London Authority’s Headquarters on the River Thames.
The building is designed to use only a quarter of the annual energy consumption for the mechanical services systems of a typical, prestige air-conditioned office.
Home to the Mayor of London, the London Assembly and the GLAE, Ciy Hall has nine storeys plus lower ground and ground floors, and accommodates an assembly chamber, gallery, library, committee rooms, administrative offices and a restaurant.
A visitor centre and a flexible exhibition and function space occupy the higher levels of the building, with a public viewing gallery on the top floor providing panoramic views of London's skyline.
City Hall is home to the Mayor of London, the London Assembly and the GLA, who in July 2002 became tenants of this striking rounded glass building on the south bank of the Thames near Tower Bridge. Members of the public may visit parts of City Hall Monday to Friday from 8am to 8pm and on occasional weekends.
Address: Greater London Authority, City Hall, The Queen's Walk, More London, London SE1 2AA
Location map - how to find us
Access information for disabled visitors
Public access - visiting the GLA: information on what you can see at City Hall, including attending public meetings
Exhibitions - the current programme of exhibitions at City Hall
Solar power - solar panels are used to generate energy for City Hall
About the building - architectural information
About the Mayor, the London Assembly and the GLA
Corporate and charity events - bookings for London's Living Room
City Hall images:
Interactive panoramas
Slide show
Further information about the design and construction of the building:
Foster and Partners - architects for City Hall
Arup - design for City Hall
[[i] 本帖最后由 zfconnor 于 2008-10-5 18:53 编辑 [/i]] 6，英国莱斯特国家航天中心
英国国家航天中心由设计师尼古拉斯·格拉姆设计。是世界上第一个采用仿生结构的建筑物。它全部使用轻钢结构，甚至连火箭发射塔也是使用轻钢。建筑物的外表使用的是太空飞行器所使用的特殊泡沫材料，这样的设计可以保证建筑物的坚固。 6，英国莱斯特国家航天中心 6，英国莱斯特国家航天中心 7 瑞典的“螺旋中心”
瑞典的“螺旋中心”大厦是斯堪的纳维亚半岛的最高建筑物，高189米，共有9个区层，每区层有5层，有152个单元，每区层都旋转少许，使整栋大厦共旋转90度。该大厦最底下两个区层是办公室，其余7个区层共有150个豪华住宅单元，总面积1.5万平方米。卡这座极具特色的建筑已成为瑞典南部城市马尔默的标志。 瑞典的“螺旋中心” 瑞典的“螺旋中心” 瑞典的“螺旋中心” 瑞典的“螺旋中心” 8 英国伯明翰塞尔福瑞吉百货大楼
英国伯明翰塞尔福瑞吉百货大楼其外型轮廓犹如女性的身体。其外表悬挂了1.5万个铝碟，创造出一种极具现代气息的纹理装饰效果，有如女人服饰上鳞片式的金属圆片，闪烁于阳光之下，使建筑的商业氛围表现到极致。设计该建筑的英国“未来系统建筑事物所”，将商场内部围合成一个顶部采光的中庭，配以交叉的自动扶梯，使购物环境呈现出一种凝聚的向心力和商业广告的展示效应。作为英国第二商业城市伯明翰的建筑地标，人们称该建筑为“未来的百货商店”。因其设计构思的前卫性，获得2004年英国皇家建筑学会的“建筑设计奖”和2004年“英国皇家工艺美术委员会奖”等多个奖项。 8 英国伯明翰塞尔福瑞吉百货大楼 8 英国伯明翰塞尔福瑞吉百货大楼 8 英国伯明翰塞尔福瑞吉百货大楼 8 英国伯明翰塞尔福瑞吉百货大楼 8 英国伯明翰塞尔福瑞吉百货大楼 9美国丹佛国际机场
美国科罗拉多州丹佛国际机场是美国面积最大及全世界面积第二大的机场，丹佛国际机场(简称DIA)已经有18年的运营历史，是美国最为繁忙的机场之一，有二十二家航空公司提供1200个航班。此机场的特别之处在於屋顶用特殊布料覆盖及采用张力结构的设计，令人联想到冬天受冰雪覆盖的落矶山脉。机场中杰佩森 (Jeppesen)候机楼的白色张紧式织布屋顶使人联想起白雪皑皑的落基山脉。整个屋顶用34根立柱和10英里长的钢缆支承。候机楼里还容纳了一个大型公共艺术陈列室。 机场一向是能源消耗大户，不过在美国丹佛国际机场，人们借助太阳能为机场服务，节约了大量能源和资金。秘诀就在于这9万2000块太阳能板，覆盖面积超过2公顷。太阳能板收集的太阳能被转化成电能，一年能产生3000万度电，供机场各个方面使用。 9美国丹佛国际机场 9美国丹佛国际机场 9美国丹佛国际机场 10 美国波特兰“连跳商业中心”
位于美国俄勒冈州波特兰市的“连跳商业中心”由马来西亚建筑师肯·肖杨设计。这个商业中心使用了太阳能发电，并且配备有污水及雨水回收系统，建筑材料使用了可回收的建筑材料。设计师还为其设计了独特的园林景观，使得商业中心成为城市中心的绿色购物花园。 10 美国波特兰“连跳商业中心 未来“树纹塔”摩天大楼
“树纹塔”摩天大楼由美国著名的环境设计大师、建筑师威廉·麦克多诺(William McDonough)设计。他设计的“树纹塔”使建筑可以像树木一样进行光合作用，在设计中，他充分利用太阳能和自然光，不仅实现视觉上震撼效果，同时使得整个建筑物被环境所包围，成为名副其实的绿色建筑。 未来“树纹塔”摩天大楼 日本难波公园
页:
[1]